Or if they just flew away. One group of polysemes are those in which a word meaning an activity, perhaps derived from a verb, acquires the meanings of those engaged in the activity, or perhaps the results of the activity, or the time or place in which the activity occurs or has occurred. In this Research Paper we have investigated various translation difficulties of from English into Russian. 125, No. Slang should be distinguished from jargon, which is the technical vocabulary of a particular profession. Holden hates it when people like Stradlater try to pretend the only reason they're bad at English essays is commas, when really they're just not good at, you know, English. So they gave up looking.. One language may express a given meaning by means of a single word, another may express it by means of a transparent fixed expression, a third may express it by means of an idiom, and so on. Holden does not understand why Allie who was much smarter than him died. D.B also was a soilder. Analysis of the translation into Romanian of J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye, which represents my major contribution to this research paper it was focused on presenting the Romanian versions of Salingers novel in order to find the main translation difficulties translation as well as its impact on Romanian readership. In the wake of Modernism, and post-enlightenment, meet narratives tended to be emancipator, whereas beforehand this was not a consistent characteristic. The literature of this period is marked by the activities of many well-known writers. The real thing, with the curtain of language somehow made transparent. To present the main features of the Modernist Period; To point out all the aspects that influenced the writer J. D. Salinger to write the prominent work The Catcher in the Rye. What is Holdens relationship with Phoebe like? It occurs in Chapter 22, after Holden has slipped quietly back into his apartment and is speaking with Phoebe. Theyre quite touchy about anything like that, especially my father. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? Associated with the noun following it, pointing out to a feature which is essential to the object they describe; Unassimilated with the noun, epithets that add a feature which is unexpected and which strike the reader. This has been mainly achieved by the careful and analytical comparison of some identical passages from the ST with its translations. It does not follow that a person proposing an explanation has any sympathy for the views or actions being explained. Holden cannot get a moment alone; Ackley continues to barge in with his made-up sex stories, and when Holden writes the very personal composition about his brother Allie, Stradlater criticizes it and then taunts Holden about Jane. He leaves abruptly, as though trying to escape the torment of his environment. If we talk about the language at Catcher in the Rye, we can say that the author uses a simple writing, with several interjections and qualifier adjectives; the tone of this novel is colloquial and full of teenagers expressions (it is written in a monologue and in lively slang; its also important the chronolect). Why is Holden obsessed with the ducks at the Central Park Lagoon? One of those little English jobs that can do around hundred miles an hour. He rebels against such society and system because he is unfit for it and he is unable to achieve things from this type of social system. This is what Newmark calls "service translation.". For example: it was made a calques translation from miles an hour ; the places mentioned in the source text (Hollywood and New York) stay in the target text, although New York is translated into New York, which is the generally accepted Romanian translation (recognized translation). The conclusion is that generally they have been successfully rendered and they have usually followed the ST.. The main reasons for the novels extensive banning refer to the colloquial and slang language used by Holden Caulfield and to the books sexual content. Metaphor is transference of some quality from one object to another. (Chapter 7, pg. Holden never comments on the hats significance other than to mention its unusual appearance. Such idioms lend themselves easily to manipulation by speakers and writers who will sometimes play on both their literal and idiomatic meanings. This author achieved his fame through his especial style of writing that was pointed out in J. D. Salingers novel The Catcher in the Rye. Nobodys move. In The Catcher in the Rye, what does Holden mean when he says, "Don't ever tell anybody anything. As the source of the book's title, this symbol merits close inspection. . Translation difficulties and lexical pecularities are the main points of an analyses. Nobodyd move. Holden's brash decision to attack Stradlater is a result of his pent-up anxiety and anger. Salinger seems to be almost identical to Holden in the story. Experience, he asserts, is largely determined by the language habits of the community, and each separate structure represents a separate reality: No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. Language metaphors are stock metaphors. One should adopt a very cautious attitude toward these words or expressions so as to avoid interference and/or language misuse. With his other work, we can see what Holden can become or what Salinger has already experienced in the character of Sargent X in "For Esme- With Love and Squalor". In fact, Holdens reactions to his adventure are more significant than the adventure itself. Holden believes that every adult is phony and his goal to keep everyone from growing up and becoming phony. Holden, traumatized and aware of the fragility of the life by his brother Allies death, Holden is terrified by the idea of change and disappearances. Collocations is the way in which particular ors tend to occur or belong together. Anyway, Holden responds by doing a tap dance like you see in the movies, which he hates but gets a bang (his words) out of imitating. There is another kind of stylistic transformation actualization which involves transition of something simple into something unusual, strange. Volume 17, The World book Encyclopedia, World Book Inc a Scott Fetzer Company Chicago London Sydney Toronto 1997; http://www.digischool.nl/ckv1/literatuur/salinger/salinger1.htm. False cognates, by contrast, are similar words in different languages that appear to have a common historical linguistic origin (whatever their current meaning) but actually do not. The theme such as the translation difficulties and lexical peculiarities is actual and well-known today because these are two the most important elements of a lexical-stylistic analysis or important elements of studies in lexicology and in translation studies. Richard Yates wrote at The New York Times in 1977 that Salinger is a man who used language as if it were pure energy beautifully controlled, and who knew exactly what he was doing in every silence as well as in every word. It is obvious from the start that Holden uses the hat as a mark of individuality and independence. Salinger had a very big number of important influences as Kafka, Flaubert, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Proust, Keats, Lorca, Rimbaud, Burns, Jane Austen or Coleridge. Sometimes only one of those meanings is intended, depending on context, and sometimes multiple meanings are intended at the same time. The symbol of isolation lies in the hat that Holden wears while he is writing. Lexical peculiarities - are the stylistic devices used by the author in his work. As it turns out, Ackley and Brossard have already seen the film, so the trio simply eats some burgers, plays a little pinball, and heads back to Pencey. The symbol of isolation lies in the hat that Holden wears while he is writing. He had lost his athletic scholarship and could not afford tuition. Holden clearly still feels Allies loss strongly. In the preparatory phase of a translation, cognition, in the form of self-consciousness and self-confidence, plays a very important role, inasmuch as this period implies conscious mental activities, where translating problems are detected and analyzed, and information and knowledge are accumulated. The translator is always alert in order to catch a passage that is marked, forms a particular sensitivity allowing the translator, to stop and think about an unusual formulation even when in translators experience he/she never ran across that particular idiomatic expression. When Stradlater complained about the subject matter--"a goddam baseball glove"--Holden took it from him, tore it up and threw it in the trash. None of their constituents may be substituted with words of similar meaning. The interjection that was used by the author is Ohwell (J. D. Salinger:7)The interjection used by the author Oh it is possible to express various feelings such as regret, despair, disappointment sorrow, surprise and many others but especially this the author point out to the reader Old Spenser hesitation for giving a clear and interesting answer to Holdens question. The semantics of a word includes word perception characteristic to the studied language, being more precise to the bearers of the studied language. The tension between the two increases when Holden asks Stradlater about his date with Jane. What happens to Holden after his date with Sally Hayes and his meeting with Carl Luce both end badly? Works Cited Salinger, J. D. The Catcher in the Rye. The fact that this test again depends on speakers' judgments about relatedness, however, means that this test for polysemy is not infallible, but is rather merely a helpful conceptual aid. In other words, in ellipsis an item is replaced by nothing. Salinger's language, especially his energetic, realistically sparse dialogue, was revolutionary at the time his first stories were published, and was seen by several critics as "the most distinguishing thing" about his work, During the investigation of this paper was identifying that J. D. Salingers style was marked by different themes, techniques that were used for achieving a good work such as J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Ray., After researching this paper it was established that: Lexical peculiarities - are the stylistic devices used by the author in his work. From History to Procedures, Zainurrahman 2009; http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary; http://lobeckta.tripod.com/carnavaldebinche/id7.html; Roderick A. Jacobs, English Syntax, A Grammar for English Language Professionals, Oxford University Press 1995; Salinger J. D. , The Catcher in the Ray, Penguin Book/Group 1958; Thesaurus of American Slang. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. Salinger used his teenage years as reference in creating Holden. The examples for this type of translation difficulties could be seen from the first page of the novel where the author uses all the meanings of the word hell such as: This word is one of the first words that is used with a lot of meanings and that is one of the type of translation difficulties in The Catcher in the Rye. Besides, a short, compared with the noun predicate can not bear the emphatic sense of a large group of nouns. Although he encounters opportunities for both physical and emotional intimacy, he bungles them all, wrapping himself in a psychological armor of critical cynicism and bitterness. Dont have an account? His response makes sense, given what we already know about Holden: he prefers to retreat into his own imaginary view of the world rather than deal with the complexities of the world around him. The Atlantic Bookshelf, Vol. So it can be consider that J. D. Salinger has a rich literary base and he becomes a kind of teacher for several big writers. The first chapter deals with J. D. Salingers place in world literature, the most important influences on his writing style, the cultural and historical background behind his literary works and how they influenced and were reflected in his literary creations. Every statement made about the work by a reader of the translation should also be true of the original text. P. Newmark calls them deceptive cognates, as their meanings are different and they can easily confuse the target text receptor. In its broad meaning, the term impliestransmutationand can be illustrated by decoding some ideas and themes expressed, for example, in a poem through the language of music or dance. Most often is the correspondence of first lexical-semantic variants of such words their primary meaning then we have various lexical-semantic variants for the course of development of these words was of different nature. Salinger uses religion in his works to comfort them so that they can proceed on their quest to achieve happiness. Lexical transformations are also caused by necessity to concretize a word while translating. After Stradlater asks the expelled Holden to write a composition for him because he "doesn't know where to put the commas," Holden writes, "That's something else that gives me a royal. His depiction of adolescent alienation and loss of innocence in the protagonist Holden Caulfield was influential, especially among adolescent readers. They form collocations with other items in the text as single units and enter into lexical sets which are different from those of their individual words. While most of Holden's confusion stems from what he interprets as a homosexual come-on from Mr. Antolini, some of it stems from the conversation they have.